Thumb Osteoarthritis Treatment Essay - 929 Words

Thumb osteoarthritis treatment aims at preventing the further degeneration of the articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the joints. Any joint of the body can be affected including the thumb. Thumb osteoarthritis is more common in women compared to men. Usually, thumb osteoarthritis develops after the age of 40. Thumb osteoarthritis mainly affects the joints at the thumb base, the fleshy part of thumb and near the wrist. However, the trapeziometacarpal joint (also known as first carpometacarpal joint) at the thumb base is the most common joint which is susceptible to degeneration. Cause of thumb osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is also known as wear and tear or degenerative joint disease. Cartilage is†¦show more content†¦This condition is known as hyperextension. Thumb swan neck deformity is a specific deformity, which occurs when the CMC joint is hyper extended and the middle thumb joint is flexed. Diagnosis of thumb osteoarthritis: Diagnosis begins with the medical history of the patient. The physical examination reveals the pain, swelling and tenderness at the thumb base. This also helps to reveal the abnormal range of movements. Crepitus or a creaking sound indicates the rubbing of the bone ends in the joint. X-rays helps to show the extent of joint damage. X-rays can detect the presence of osteophytes. Thumb osteoarthritis treatment: The treatment includes several surgical and non-surgical options. Non surgical treatment is recommended in the early stages while surgical options are suggested in severe conditions. Thumb osteoarthritis treatment: Cold treatment Icing your thumb for 5-10 minutes and repeating this for several times in the day helps to relieve the swelling. Thumb osteoarthritis treatment: Splints This is suggested by doctors as a preliminary treatment. The splints support your thumb joints. Splints are helpful for reducing the pain by limiting the thumb and wrist movements. They place your joints in proper position and provide rest to the joints. They may be worn at night or for the entire day as per your needs. Thumb osteoarthritisShow MoreRelatedMedical Article Analysis Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagestrapeziectomy with abductor pollicis longus tendon interposition arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint.† This article comes from the Journal of Orthopaedics, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 59-64, June 2013. The authors of this article are Erez Avisar, Michael Elvey, Ziv Wasrbrout, and Maurice Aghasi. The hypothesis of this article was that the participating patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the thumb would receive higher quality long-term results after receiving a trapeziectomyRead MoreA Brief Note On Arthritis And Musculoskeletal And Skin Diseases Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Osteoarthritis? One of the reasons I chose to do this paper on osteoarthritis is merely because I can be one of the victims of this disease as a result of my family history connected with the disease. Both my father and my grandfather have osteoarthritis. They always complain about their knee pain. My father was informed that since there is no further treatment for the disease, he could only take pain-relieving medicines such as Tylenols and Acetaminophen. Thus, knowing the causeRead MoreThe Effect Of Swedish Herbal On The Treatment Of Arthritis877 Words   |  4 Pagespain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders. There are different types of arthritis which include: Osteoarthritis (inflammation, pain and bony changes to the tissue) and Rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune condition that usually involves a great deal of inflammation and if it is severe , can be very disfiguring) (Valerie, 2014). FUTA gate is located in theRead MoreOsteoarthritis1621 Words   |  7 PagesOsteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, likeRead MoreOsteoarthritis : A Degenerative Arthritis1631 Words   |  7 PagesOsteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage degenerates or breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of mo vement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening ofRead MoreAnemia Case Study Answers1331 Words   |  6 Pages4. A 79-year-old female present with her daughter for ongoing fatigue also noted to have lost 5 pounds over past 6 months. No night sweats or fevers. Pertinent past medical history includes severe, generalized osteoarthritis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression. She is taking the following medications: acetaminophen 650mg every eight hours, Lyrica 75 mg twice daily; alendronate 70 mg once weekly, valsartan 320 mg once daily, fluoxetine 40mg once daily and insulin glargine 20 unitsRead MoreEssay on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome1712 Words   |  7 Pagestunnel (The Stay Well Company, 1999). The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel to receive sensations from the thumb, index, and middle fingers of the hand. Any condition that causes swelling or a change in position of the tissue within the carpal tunnel can squeeze and irritate the median nerve, which causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the middle fingers, a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome (Nidus Information Systems, 2001). All peopleRead MoreQuestion Paper: Billing and Coding Applications with Simulations4067 Words   |  17 Pagesposterior one-half of the medial meniscus, which would be coded 717.2. | | | | | * Question 4 4.5 out of 4.5 points | |    | LOCATlON:  Outpatient, hospital PATIENT: May Leigh SURGEON: Mohamad Almaz, MD PREOPERATIVE DlAGNOSIS: Osteoarthritis, left knee. POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Same. PROCEDURE PERFORMED: Left total knee arthroplasty. ANESTHESIA: General. ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: Minimal Following satisfactory preoperative review and assessment and full discussion, theRead MoreCommon Type Of Wrist Fracture3267 Words   |  14 Pagesfunction3. The rate of surgery on scaphoid fractures rose from 37% in 2007/08 to 62% in 2009/10 4. However the long term benefit and additional risks from surgery, such as infection, anaesthesia and nerve damage mean that this may not be the ideal treatment choice. A displaced fracture, delayed presentation of the fracture, nonunion, and a fracture with associated injuries are commonly accepted as indications for surgical fixation4. Methods include open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and percutaneousRead MoreWest Philly Community Acupuncture ( Wpca )2473 Words   |  10 Pagesand affordable treatments with few barriers to care (â€Å"POCA†, 2016). They are open Tuesday through Thursday from 3pm-7pm, Saturday from 10am-2pm, and Sunday from 1pm-5pm. At WPCA, they have an atypical pricing method. Rather than billing through insurance, they ask their clients to pay on a sliding scale, ranging between 15-35 dollars at the client’s discretion. The client pays prior to their treatment, yet, how much or how little they pay does not dictate the quality of the treatment, number of acupuncture

Reformation And Riots. Throughout History, There Have Been

Reformation and Riots Throughout history, there have been reforms and revolts of every stripe. However the most notable would be the renovations that took place in the nineteenth century and the riots that soon followed those changes. An example of these mentioned the radicals that had been involved in the civil unrest that had been caused by the poor working conditions and low wages of factory workers. This triggered retaliation by the â€Å"captains of industry† from the likes of Andrew Carnegie and Rockefeller. The issues of riots the factors are long hours, poor working conditions, and the threat of losing a job from going on strike, and low wages. If you were a worker in this†¦show more content†¦As a consequence, of a steel mill owner like Andrew Carnegie, only caring about how to keep the mill running efficiently and keeping costs low, many of these â€Å"robber barons’ resolved this problem by squeezing the amount of money that running the mill would b e or having to replace machinery. Instead, they kept the old machinery; this eventually leads to most American steel companies to go out of business later down the line. American steel finally ran its course, as other countries began to develop and have their industrial revolutions. These countries soon would pass up the American steel industry and replace American as the leader in steelmaking and production. Because of the horrid working conditions, many workers went on strike the demonstrate their unrest at the dangerous situations in the factories and of course the long hours. Unfortunately, the moment that the workers decided to go on strike they were instantly fired from their jobs. However, some employees disagreed with the strikers and decided to go to work. These people were known as â€Å"scabs† along with the scabs, factory managers hired immigrants to replace the employees that have been fired for going on strike. The constant threat of losing a job for going on st rike was always there for factory employees. An example of this would be the Haymarket riot in which many workers walked out of the plants, and decided toShow MoreRelatedMasturbation And Sexual Pleasure During The 19th Century870 Words   |  4 PagesApril Haynes lectured and wrote about masturbation and sexual pleasure in the 19th century. She covered the history behind the women-led reformation of sexual pleasure and desire in women, and spoke about the anti-masturbation movement, which was surprisingly lead by women in the same era. I found these talks to be very interesting in that they covered a discrepancy between the wonder of sex, and the female reintroduction to knowledge about their body, and anti-masturbation, which was an ideologyRead MoreThe Effect Censorship has on Art Essay examples943 Words   |  4 PagesThough out history artist have rejected any forms of censorship. Governments have had to enforce censorship laws for the sake of public safety. As well, as to m aintain control of society and to uphold the moral and ethical values that the populous demands. Whether you are for or against censorship in art, it serves a useful purpose in moderation, but it can be taken to extremes. Whether it’s a fascist government or a extremist religious organization it is easy for a controversial law to be twistedRead MoreThe Deprivation Of Heterosexual Relationships1082 Words   |  5 Pagessexual frustration. There are some stimuli that may help but it not enough for some. Sadly because of this lack of heterosexual relationships, some prisoners resort to rapes and victimization to release some of that frustration. This deprivation may have some effects on the prisoners’ masculinity and their self-image. The fourth is the deprivation of autonomy. The prisoners are subjected to rules and commands designed to control their behavior. They cannot make choices for themselves since they mustRead MoreThe Deprivation Of Heterosexual Relationships 1082 Words   |  5 Pagessexual frustration. There are some stimuli that may help but it not enough for some. Sadly because of this lack of heterosexual relationships, some prisoners resort to rapes and victimization to release some of that frustration. This deprivation may have some effects on the prisoners’ masculinity and their self-image. The fourth is the deprivation of autonomy. The prisoners are subjected to rules and commands designed to control their behavior. They cannot make choices for themselves since they mustRead MoreThe Roman Way Of Life Has Been Known To Us As One For Domination1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman way of life has been known to us as one for domination and expansion, at home and abroad. Throughout the duration of the second century Romans have been known for their brut forms of expansions through extraordinary military campaigns however, accompanied by on home soil with political sparked violence and triggered civil unrest due to reformations and thirst for power. Through direct analyzation of ancient sources written by Plutarch on the lives of the Gracchus brothers TiberiusRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Harvey Milk1583 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the Stonewall Riots of 1969. Her choice to stand against police brutality in a time when most psychiatrists still viewed any break of the status quo as an issue or mental illness would eventually lead to the reformation of detrimental and unjust Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) policies and the nullification of sodomy laws. Another individual of outstanding prowess was Harvey Milk. Milk was an American politician and the first openly gay elected official in the history of California andRead MoreSummary Of The Rodney Riots By Walter Rodney1712 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciousness to the multitude in Jamaica and throughout Africa. His message was well received especially by Rastafarians, a shunned faction in Jamaican society. The Jamaican government strongly monitored Rodney’s movement and decided to ban him from re-entering the country while he was attending the 1968 Black Writer’s Conference over in Montreal, Canada. Consequently, widespread riots and uprisings occurred in Kingston, known as â€Å"the Rodney Riots†. Rodney returned to Tanzania after a briefRead MoreThe Rise Of The Renaissance1448 Words   |  6 Pages There were numerous figures that influenced the historical period in the world, called the Renaissance. Of these figures, names like Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, and various others seem to pop up quite often. These individuals are said to have influenced this time period through their art, philosophies, and even religious views. These influences are still felt in society today. The Renaissance movement brought upon a new sense of humanism, thus gradually breaking individuals further awayRead MoreThe World And Expanse Of Time901 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the semester, evaluating different eras and event across the world and expanse of time, we have studied how individual players and their actions contribute to our understanding of history itself. Many of our readings were historical accounts centralized on the lives of single players, and these players’ roles in greater historical events. The outbreak and entirety of WWI, serves as an example of how many individual players, and their actions, contributed to the overall outcome of an all-outRead MoreZoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesZoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles Outline Topic: The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943: What caused them, what happened, and what were the effects? Introduction Causes for the riots in 1943 History of racism Stylish dress seen as un-American during wartime. Stage set for riots Sleepy Lagoon murder case and the Zoot Suit riots Effects of riots Cultural repression Political activism in Mexican American community Series of reforms in the Los Angeles Police Department Causes Mexican Revolution,

Individual Case Study Halides Ltd

Questions: Issue 1: When finalising the financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2014 two significant errors were made and there is debate as to whether we should simply adjust the financial statements in the current year or change last years financial statements as well. The IT system of the company was installed 3 years ago at a cost of approximately $3.5 million and was estimated to last 10 years. However the latest technology advancements indicate that this was a very optimistic estimate and that the maximum life span of this equipment will probably be not more than 6 years in total with little or no residual value. It was also discovered in August 2014 that a machine worth $2.2 million purchased in January 2014 was erroneously written off to repairs and maintenance instead of being capitalised. Deberella the marketing director thinks we should just adjust this years figures to account for these problems but Peter indicated that it was slightly more complicated than that. Could you please giv e us some advice on this? Issue 2: A number of employees who work on our strategic management team have been with us for a number of years - at least 12 of them have been with us since the company commenced operations in 2006. In accordance with the Employee Bargaining Agreement (EBA) all employees are entitled to long service leave of 13 weeks if they remain in service for 10 years. They are also entitled to pro rata long service leave after 6 years of service. Our usual practice is to show the long service leave expense in the income statement when the employee actually takes leave and is paid. Of course we maintain a memorandum record of the number of days each employee is entitled to. Peter has indicated to us that he thinks we should consider treating this expense in a different manner, which seems complicated. The directors are wondering why we should complicate a very simple way of calculating long service leave why not stick with recognising the expense when we pay for it? What do you think we should do and w hy? Issue 3: Peter, the new financial controller, has also informed the board that the company will need to present a statement of cash flows with the financial statements in addition to those statements already being presented, which really attracted a lot of attention. Some of the directors thought it was a waste of time to present this statement as it was merely a summarised cash book. Others were of the opinion that it could be useful but didnt quite know how they would use it. The structure of the statement of cash flows also came into question with one of the directors suggesting that we merely needed to get a printout of the cash account and attach it. Another said that we couldnt just do that as we needed to show operating, instigating and financing cash flows in the statement. Could you please clarify this matter for us? Answers: Issue 1 AASB 108 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors Changes in Accounting Estimates Various items in the financial statements may not be measured with the precision but only can be estimated, because of the uncertainties in the activities of business. This estimation includes the judgements based on the available information. Say for example, the estimates may be needed for:(a) Bad debts;(b) Obsolescence of Inventory;(c) Fair value of the financial assets or liabilities;(d) The useful lives of, or the expected pattern of the consumption of the future economic benefits in the depreciable assets; (e) The obligations of warranty.The usage of reasonable estimates is a relevant part for the financial statements preparations. This estimate may require the revision if the changes may arise in the situations in which the estimates were based or as a result of the new data. As per its nature, the revision in an estimate may not relate to the previous periods and is also not a correction of any error.The effects of a changes in the accounting estimate, other than a change to which paragraph applies, would be prospectively recognised by including the same in the profit or loss in:(a) The period of such change, if such change affects that period only; or(b) The period of such change and the future periods, if such change affects both.Advice: Hence, in the given case it is clearly a change in accounting estimates and thus the effect of Depreciation (whether surplus or deficit) shall be charged to Profit Loss Account of current year and the figures shall be adjusted as such. Errors and Omissions The Material prior period errors shall be retrospectively corrected in the first financial report after their discovery by: Restating the comparative amount of the previous periods that are to be presented in which the error has been caused; or Restating the opening balances of liabilities, assets and the equity for the earlier previous years presented, if the error has been caused before the earlier previous periods presented.Thus, a material prior period error must be corrected by retrospective restatement except to the extent it is impracticable for determining either the cumulative effect of the error or period-specific effects. If it is impracticable to determine the cumulative effect of the error at the beginning of the current period, then the error is corrected prospectively from the earliest date that is practicable.As per this Accounting Standard, certain Disclosures are also required in the financial statements .Advice: Hence, in the given case the machine worth $2.2 milli on which was erroneously charged to repairs and maintenance in the prior period shall be rectified in the current period and shall be capitalized thereof. Issue 2 AASB 1028 Employee Benefits Long Service Leave While the differences arise between the various Awards, Acts and the Workplace Agreements that specifies the entitlements of the long service leave in Australia, the following categories of entitlement are common:(a) A legal unconditional entitlement to which the payment arises after a certain period of service (usually 10 or 15 years). The Accumulation of the long service leave entitlement shall continue after this point, up till the leave is actually taken. (b) In various situations (for e.g. death, early retirement, or retrenchment), a legal entitlement to the pro rata payment in place of long leave may arise. At any point in time, an employer could have employees in more than one of the above categories.Whilst most of the employers provide the long service leave benefits to its employees, some employers may participate in same. The employer has an obligation to make the future outflows due to the long service leave arrangements. Accordingly, an employers obligations to the indust ry-based long leave service schemes shall be recognised as liability of the employer.Various industry-based schemes of long service leave operate such that the employers meet their obligations for long service leave to the employees, and receive the reimbursement subsequently from the scheme. In such cases, consistent with the needs of the paragraphs 4.3 and 4.13, the employers shall recognise the liabilities separately for the amount of payments which are expected to be made to the employees.Advice: Thus, in the given case the contention of Peter is correct to treat the expense differently, since it is the requirement of AASB 1028 by treating it as liability or separate liability depending upon the scheme of long service and then charging the same to revenue as discussed above. Issue 3 AASB 101 Presentations of Financial Statements Complete Set of Financial Statements shall comprise of the following statements: (a) A statement of financial position as at the end of the period;(b) A statement of profit or loss for the period;(c) A statement of changes in equity for the period;(d) A statement of cash flows for the period ;(e) Notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information; AASB 107 Cash Flow Statements This Standard applies to : (a) Every entity which is required to prepare the financial reports as per the Part 2M.3 of the Corporations Act;(b) The general purpose financial reports of every reporting entity; and(c) The financial reports that are held to be general purpose financial reports. Benefits of Cash Flow Information The statement of cash flow provides the information that enables the users in order to evaluate the changes in the net assets of entity, its financial positions (including the solvency and liquidity) and the entitys ability to affect the timing and amount of cash flows to adapt to the changing situations and opportunities. Cash flow information is helpful for the assessment of the ability of the entity for generating the cash and cash equivalents and it enables the users to develop the model for assessing and comparing the present value of future cash flows of various entities. Cash Transactions can be bifurcated into 3 activities and are to be shown in Cash Flow Statement , , The historical information of cash flow is also used as the indicator of the timing, amount and the certainty of the future cash flows. It is also helpful in measuring the accuracy of the past assessments of the future cash flows and also examining the bonding between the net cash flow and profitability and the effect of changing prices.Advice: Hence, in the given case considering the requirements of AASB 101 and AASB 107, and also the benefits of preparing the cash flow statement as discussed above, it is advisable to prepare the cash flow statements depicting the cash transactions occurred during the year. References AASB, 2011, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors reviewed on 21 January 2015, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB108_07-04_COMPmay11_07-11.pdf Chartered Accountants, 2013, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors reviewed on 21 January 2015, https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/Industry-Topics/Reporting/Australian-accounting-standards/Analysis-of-AASB-standards/AASB-108--Accounting-policies-changes-in-accounting-estimates-and-errors?standard=%7B846095B1-DF0D-4BAD-967E-FFBB46D5F8AE%7D AASB, 2001, Employee Benefits reviewed on 21 January 2015, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB1028_06-01.pdf AASB, 2011, Presentation of Financial Statements reviewed on 21 January 2015, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB101_09-07_COMPsep11_07-12.pdf AASB, 2007, Cash Flow Statements reviewed on 21 January 2015, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB107_07-04_COMPjul07_07-07.pdf

Non Competitive Market Examples Essay Example

Non Competitive Market Examples Paper This chapter covers what it is like for an industry to live in a non-competitive market. In this chapter it gives good examples of different types of industries that don’t have to worry about a competitive market. It begins off by express how in New York City, taxi drivers are restricted in number to how many can actually run a business. In order to do so, you have to have this medallion that authorizes you to have authority over the entity. Medallions have been sold as high as $175,000 back in the 1990’s and now can be sold as high as $250,000. This enables for no competition within the market itself. From there it goes on to explaining that as an industry or good, is limited in number, it hold a higher value and because of its low supply are able to charge at an extensively high price. The article elaborates that when the government is involved for whenever reason the system is always thrown off balance. However, the article also begins to illustrate on how government involvement is also set to protect the industries that are tying to compete in it. For example with the hair braiding business that were opening up the Californian government focused on ensuring that those who spent considerable time and effort in becoming licensed in cosmetology that they were the ones striving in the business not the unlicensed individuals. Yet, though state level is true, federally the government itself does not like competitive market. This is true when looking at the U. S. postal service vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Competitive Market Examples specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Non Competitive Market Examples specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Non Competitive Market Examples specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer FedEx where Congress has issued anyone delivering first class by FedEx is mandated to a postage stamp tax. Overall, with all the many examples that are given in the chapter its main point is that a lot of business hate competitive markets and will try and do anything to beat out the competition in order for them to receive as much of the profits as possible. Based off of the examples that I have read, I feel that the one regarding the pricing on telecommunications is the most harmful of all. The reason being is that when by allowing such outrageous charges for connection charges and not allowing any new connections, you are essentially isolating the business itself. Making it virtually immovable from any angle and allowing for full control over the people within the industry. By not allowing any competition and charging at a rate of whatever you like, we essentially cause for an ultimatum in decision. Whether you pay an arm and a leg for the service or you don’t have it. If both methods were to work in successfully knocking out the competition essentially you wouldn’t see a difference in the method. In the end you are still knocking out your competition and charging it at your desired price. Whether that means that you lower your prices, to a designated amount at which you are still probably making a profit or raising the difficulty for others. All in all the most important factor about these two methods is that it dens work and it does knock out the competition.